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Twentieth Century Films
Movies inspired by and based on true stories.
View trailers, reviews, films, and facts behind the stories.
Most films are highly rated on Rotten Tomatoes and the Internet Movie Database (IMDb). They have at least a 70% or 7/10 rating from critics and audiences alike, many with 80% or 8/10 or above. Enjoy the best true story films of the 1920s-1980s!
Best True Story Films of the 1980s
PG | Biography, Drama, Medical | The biopic of Joseph Carey Merrick (August 5, 1862–April 11, 1890), a man with severe deformities who lived in London, England in the late 19th century. At the age of twenty-one, he was exhibited at a circus freak show under the stage name "The Elephant Man" and then lived in London Hospital after meeting Dr. Frederick Treves.
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Facts:
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Joseph Merrick biography - Wikipedia, biography.com,
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'Elephant Man’s’ Grave Discovered in Same Cemetery as Jack the Ripper's Victims article by Becky Little on history.com
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The Elephant Man and Other Reminiscences by Frederick Treves - full text free on gutenberg.org. Quote from Chapter 1: "​I supposed that Merrick was imbecile and had been imbecile from birth. The fact that his face was incapable of expression, that his speech was a mere spluttering and his attitude that of one whose mind was void of all emotions and concerns gave grounds for this belief. The conviction was no doubt encouraged by the hope that his intellect was the blank I imagined it to be. That he could appreciate his position was unthinkable. Here was a man in the heyday of youth who was so vilely deformed that everyone he met confronted him with a look of horror and disgust. He was taken about the country to be exhibited as a monstrosity and an object of loathing. He was shunned like a leper, housed like a wild beast, and got his only view of the world from a peephole in a showman’s cart. He was, moreover, lame, had but one available arm, and could hardly make his utterances understood. It was not until I came to know that Merrick was highly intelligent, that he possessed an acute sensibility and—worse than all—a romantic imagination that I realized the overwhelming tragedy of his life."​
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What Is Proteus Syndrome? article on WebMD. Excerpts:
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"Proteus syndrome is one of the rarest genetic conditions in the world. The syndrome causes abnormal overgrowth in certain parts of the body. It is commonly called the Elephant Man disease."
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On Joseph Merrick: "For some time, doctors thought he had neurofibromatosis, a disease that causes fibrous growths all over the body. In 1986, however, researchers determined that he most likely had Proteus syndrome."
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PG | Biography, Drama, History | The film portrays the life of Mohandas Gandhi, the beloved Indian leader who stands against British rule and whose nonviolent resistance leads India towards independence.
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Trailers and Reviews:
Facts:
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​How Accurate Is the Movie 'Gandhi'? article by Colin Bertram on biography.com​
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Mahatma Gandhi on history.com
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Famous Speeches by Gandhi in full text on mkgandhi.org
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Gandhi eBooks written by and about Gandhi in full text on mkgandhi.org
PG | Biography, History, Drama, Music | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is a talented young Viennese composer who becomes the object of rivalry and jealousy from the disciplined and religious composer Antonio Salieri, who resents Mozart for his hedonistic lifestyle and talent, becoming obsessed with Mozart's downfall.
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Amadeus: 5 Things That Were Dramaticized (& 5 That Actually Happened) by Zach Gass on Screen Rant
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AMADEUS: FACT OR FICTION? by Handel and Haydn Society
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What Amadeus gets wrong by Clemency Burton-Hill on the BBC
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Fact or Fiction: Historical Inaccuracies in the Film 'Amadeus' by Reel Rundown
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History by Hollywood, Episode 13: Amadeus - a podcast dedicated to examining facts behind films based on and inspired by true stories and real events
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History Buffs: Amadeus video on YouTube
R | Biography, Drama, History, Journalism, War | In 1970s Cambodia, New York Times reporter Sydney Schanberg is covering the Cambodian Civil War, accompanied by local interpreter and journalist Dith Pran, as well as American photojournalist Al Rockoff. Schanberg exits the country, but Pran stays in Cambodia to his peril as the Khmer Rouge rebels take over and the tyrant Pol Pot leads a genocide.
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“The Death and Life of Dith Pran” book by Sydney Schanberg on which the film was based
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Khmer Rouge by history.com editors
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How Dith Pran’s Remarkable Survival Story Exposed Cambodia’s Killing Fields article by Jessica Pearce Rotondi on history.com
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Chronology of Cambodian Events Since 1950 from Yale University Genocide Studies Program
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Beyond the Killing Fields: The Official Website of Sydney Schanberg
PG-13 | Biography, Drama, Medical | Rocky Dennis is an intelligent, outgoing and humorous teenager who suffers from a facial deformity called craniodiaphyseal dysplasia (CDD), also known as "lionitis." His mother, Rusty, struggles to fight for his acceptance in the public school system, but he finds love and respect from his mother's biker gang family.
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Roy L. Dennis facts for kids article on Kiddle Encyclopedia.​​
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Rocky Dennis The true story of the boy who inspired ‘Mask’ biography video on "Did You Know?" on YouTube
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Rusty Dennis on People Are Talking in 1985 - interview with Roy ("Rocky") Dennis's mother on YouTube
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The Drama Behind 'Mask' article By Michelle Green on People
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PG-13 | Biography, Drama, Music | In 1958, Los Angeles teenager Ritchie Valens becomes a rock 'n' roll success with his ballad "Donna," which he wrote for his girlfriend whose parents object to her dating a Latino boy. He also has conflicts with his jealous brother, Bob, and a recurring nightmare of a plane crash before starting his first national tour with Buddy Holly.
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Ritchie Valens biography in New World Encyclopedia
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PG-13 | Animals, Biography, Crime, Drama | Scientist Dian Fossey comes to Africa to study the vanishing mountain gorillas and later fights to protect them from exploitation.
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Gorillas in the Mist book by Dian Fossey detailing her thirteen years in a remote rain forest with the gorillas
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Dian Fossey biography on gorillafund.org, Biography.com, and New World Encyclopedia
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Secrets in the Mist: Murder on the Mountain (Full Episode) | Dian Fossey by National Geographic on YouTube
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Gaining the Trust of the Gorillas | Dian Fossey: Secrets in the Mist by National Geographic on YouTube
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Dian Fossey Narrates Her Life With Gorillas in This Vintage Footage | National Geographic on YouTube
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Mountain Gorillas' Survival: Dian Fossey’s Legacy Lives On | Short Film Showcase by National Geographic on YouTube
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Dian Fossey Quotes
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"When you realize the value of all life, you dwell less on what is past and concentrate more on the preservation of the future." - Dian Fossey
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"The man who kills the animals today is the man who kills the people who get in his way tomorrow." - Dian Fossey
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"The more you learn about the dignity of the gorilla, the more you want to avoid people." - Dian Fossey
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R | Drama, Medical | Charlie Babbitt is an L.A. yuppie who learns that his estranged father left a $3 million fortune to an autistic-savant brother named Raymond whom Charlie didn't know existed. Charlie checks Raymond out of a mental institution in Ohio and takes him on a cross-country road trip in the hopes of gaining his father's money.
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The Life and Message of The Real Rain Man: The Journey of a Mega-Savant - biography book by Francis Peek and Lisa L. Hanson on Amazon and Internet Archive (free eBook in full text with a free account)​
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Kim Peek - The Real Rain Man documentary including interviews with the film director and Kim Peek on YouTube
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Man Who Inspired 'Rain Man' Dies At 58 article and audio from All Things Considered on NPR
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Kim Peek, the Real Rain Man article by Berit Brogaard on Psychology Today
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PG-13 | Biography, Drama, Law | During a vacation in the Australian outback, a Seventh Day Adventist family's baby goes missing from their tent, and the mother witnesses a dingo (a wild Australian dog) running from the tent. She must fight to prove her innocence when public opinion and rumors turn against her, and she is accused of murder.
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The Trial of Lindy and Michael Chamberlain ("The Dingo Trial") by Professor Douglas O. Linder at UMKC School of Law
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Dingo baby case reopened 24 years after Meryl Streep film 2012 article in The Guardian
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Azaria Chamberlain inquest 2012 article from National Museum Australia
PG | Drama, Biography, Education | Los Angeles high school teacher Jaime Escalante successfully teaches calculus to his class of unruly students prone to drop out of school, facing unexpected challenges.
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Stand and Deliver Revisited article by Jerry Jesness on reason.com
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R | True Crime, Drama, Mystery, Thriller | In June 1964 Mississippi, a group of civil rights activists disappears, prompting two F.B.I. agents to investigate, but the agents clash over their strategies when dealing with a refusal to cooperate from both the small town's local authorities and its Black community.
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The Horrific True Story Behind 'Mississippi Burning' article by Lloyd Farley on Collider
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Mississippi Burning Scorches Historians article by Robert Brent Toplin on Historians.org​​
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Murder in Mississippi article by PBS.org
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Case Document: Michael Schwerner - James Chaney - Andrew Goodman case document dated June 21, 1964, about the investigation of their murders, written by U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division; United States Attorney’s Office, Southern District of Mississippi; and Federal Bureau of Investigation on the DOJ website
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Mississippi Burning – Inspired by the Murders of James Earl Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner on Inspired by a True Story podcast
Born on the Fourth of July (1989)
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R | Biography, Drama, War, Disability | In the mid-1960s, Ron Kovic enlists in the marines to fulfill his patriotic duty, but he becomes paralyzed in the Vietnam war and returns home to a lack of support and understanding from the Verterans Administration and both major political parties, after which he becomes an anti-war, pro-human rights political activist.
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Born on the Fourth of July autobiographical book by Ron Kovic on Amazon​
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R | Biography, Drama, History, War | Col. Robert Gould Shaw leads the U.S. Civil War's first all-black volunteer regiment, fighting prejudices from both his own Union Army and the Confederates.
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Rotten Tomatoes
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PG-13 | Drama | Maverick ex-teacher Joe Clark is enlisted to take over as principal of New Jersey's struggling East Side High, where he is determined to rid the school of its gang and narcotics problems and improve the students' state exam scores.
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Former Eastside High Principal and The Inspiration Behind The 1989 Film “Lean on Me”, Joe Clark, Dead at 82. article by Ali Bouldin on the Chicago Defender website​
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R | Biography, Disability, Drama | Christy Brown is a boy born with cerebral palsy in a working-class Irish family, where everyone has low expectations for him, but at age five, he demonstrates control of his left foot by using chalk to scrawl a word on the floor, and he grows up to become a painter, poet, and author.
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My Left Foot autobiography by Christy Brown on Amazon
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My Left Foot autobiography by Christy Brown - free eBook in full text with a free account on Internet Archive
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Christy Brown biography on biography.com
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On This Day: Christy Brown of "My Left Foot" died article by Trevor White on Irish Central containing biographical information, including facts the film omitted
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Brief Interview from 1962 video with biographical facts about Christy Brown's condition and painting, followed by the interview on YouTube
PG | Biography, Crime, Drama, History | After the Watergate scandal, President Richard Nixon faces impeachment and conviction, becoming paranoid and reclusive in his web of lies during his last six months in The White House.
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Facts: Coming soon!​
Best True Story Films of the 1970s
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G | Biography, Drama, History, Medical & Disability | In a French forest in 1798, a child is found who cannot walk, speak, read or write. A doctor becomes interested in the child and patiently attempts to civilize him.
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Rotten Tomatoes
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Wild boy of Aveyron in the APA Dictionary of Psychology from the American Psychological Association
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Itard and the Wild Boy of Aveyron article from A History of Developmental Disabilities on the Minnesota Governor's Council on Developmental Disabilities website
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Victor: the Wild Boy of Aveyron article on Owlcation
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Victor of Aveyron biography on Wikipedia. Quote from the article:"Victor of Aveyron (French: Victor de l'Aveyron; c. 1788 – 1828) was a French feral child who was found at the age of around 9. Not only is he considered the most famous feral child, but his case is also the most documented case of a feral child. . . Upon his discovery, he was captured multiple times, running away from civilization approximately eight times. Eventually his case was taken up by a young physician, Jean Marc Gaspard Itard, who worked with the boy for five years and gave him his name, Victor. Itard was interested in determining what Victor could learn."
All the President's Men (1976)
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PG | Drama, History, Journalism, Thriller | Two new reporters for The Washington Post, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, research the 1972 Watergate scandal with the help of a mysterious source code-named Deep Throat, an investigation that leads to President Richard Nixon's resignation.
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PG | Drama, Law | Norma Rae is a young, single mother who works at a local textile mill for low pay with long hours and poor working conditions, but she is inspired to unionize, despite opposition from her family, fiancé, and employer.
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History by Hollywood podcast Episode 63: Norma Rae Part 1
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AFI Catalog of Feature Films: Norma Rae History article on the film project, which originated when producers read a 1973 New York Times Magazine article by Henry P. Leifermann about cotton mill worker Crystal Lee Jordan, who worked at the J.P. Stevens plant in Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina, and became involved in the union in 1973.
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Crystal Lee: A Woman of Inheritance book by Henry P. Leifermann on goodreads.com
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PG | Disaster & Survival, Drama, Mystery, Thriller | A news reporter and her cameraman witness an emergency core shutdown at a California nuclear power plant, where the plant supervisor suspects the plant is in violation of safety standards and tries to bring it to public attention.
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The film is fictional, but it is inspired by real events at nuclear power plants, such as the Dresden Plant in Illinois.
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Nuclear Experts Debate ‘The China Syndrome’ article by David Burnham dated March 18, 1979 in The New York Times
Best True Story Films of the 1920s-1960s
The Passion of Joan of Arc (1928)
Trailers: Fan-Made Trailer, Original Trailer
Reviews: Rotten Tomatoes, IMDb
Facts:
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Joan of Arc biography - National Geographic Kids, history.com
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Trial of Joan of Arc - Wikipedia
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The Trial of Jeanne d'Arc Translated into English from the Original Latin and French Documents by W. P. Barrett with an Essay on the Trial - sourcebooks.fordham.edu
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"Joan of Arc, a pious peasant in medieval France, believed that God had chosen her to lead France to victory in its long-running war with England. With no military training, Joan convinced crown prince Charles of Valois to allow her to lead a French army to the besieged city of Orléans, where they achieved a stunning victory. After seeing the prince crowned King Charles VII, Joan was captured by enemy forces, tried for witchcraft and burned at the stake at the age of 19." - history.com
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PG | Drama, Mystery | When a reporter is assigned to decipher newspaper magnate Charles Foster Kane's dying words, his investigation gradually reveals the fascinating portrait of a complex man who rose from obscurity to staggering heights. Though Kane's friend and colleague Jedediah Leland, and his mistress, Susan Alexander, shed fragments of light on Kane's life, the reporter fears he may never penetrate the mystery of the elusive man's final word, "Rosebud."
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Trailers: Fan-Made Trailer, Original Trailer
Reviews: Rotten Tomatoes, IMDb
Facts:
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William Randolph Hearst biography - history.com, Britannica Kids
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"Released in 1941, Orson Welles’ film Citizen Kane infuriated Hearst with its brutal portrait of an obsessive media mogul clearly based on his life. Hearst waged a bitter campaign against the film, first attempting to shut production down and later publishing bitter personal attacks on Welles and banning advertisements of the film."- history.com
The Night of the Hunter (1955)
​Unrated | Crime, Drama, Mystery, Thriller | The Rev. Harry Powell is a religious fanatic and serial killer who targets women who use their sexuality to attract men. Serving time in prison for car theft, he meets condemned murderer Ben Harper, who confesses to hiding $10,000 in stolen loot. Released from jail, Powell is obsessed with finding the money, and he tracks down Harper's widow, Willa, and her two children, John and Pearl.
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Harry Powers/Harm Drenth biography - Wikipedia, Murderpedia
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"Powers lured his victims through 'lonely hearts' advertisements, claiming he was looking for love, but ultimately murdering them for their money. Davis Grubb's 1953 novel The Night of the Hunter and its 1955 film adaptation were based on these crimes." - Wikipedia
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Unrated | Biography, Drama, History, Law & Crime | In 1925 Tennessee, a science teacher is on trial for the state crime of teaching Darwin's theory of evolution instead of creationism in public school, and two of the USA's top lawyers argue their cases.
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Scopes v. State full text opinion filed January 17, 1927, available on casetext.com
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"The Scopes trial, formally The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes, and commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial, was an American legal case from July 10 to July 21, 1925, in which a high school teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which had made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school. . .The trial was deliberately staged in order to attract publicity to the small town of Dayton, Tennessee, where it was held. Scopes was unsure whether he had ever actually taught evolution, but he incriminated himself deliberately so the case could have a defendant." - Wikipedia
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Unrated | Drama, Law & Crime | In 1947, Nuremberg, West Germany, four former German judges of Nazi Germany face a military tribunal to answer charges of crimes against humanity. The film depicts the Judges' Trial with fictional characters.
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​Hollywood vs. History: 'Judgment at Nuremberg' article by Kansas City Public Library and video by Mark Hull, professor specializing in war crimes prosecution and military law
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The Nuremberg Trials: The Justice Trial complete trial transcript, summaries, and commentaries on United States of America v. Alstötter et al., known as "The Justice Cases," on UMKC School of Law
Unrated | Biography, Drama, Education | Helen Keller is a blind and deaf girl, frustrated and sometimes violent as a result of being unable to communicate for years. As a last alternative to institutionalizing her, Helen's parents contact a school for the blind, which sends half-blind Annie Sullivan to teach her.
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IMDb
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Helen Keller's autobiography, The Story of My Life - free full text eBook on gutenberg.org
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G | Biography, Drama, Family, Musical, Romance | In the 1930s, Maria is a young novice sent by her convent in Austria to become a governess to the seven children of a widowed naval officer. She brings a love of life and music to the home, and the Von Trapp Family singers become a well-known concert group.
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Movie vs. Reality: The Real Story of the Von Trapp Family article by Joan Gearin in National Archives at archives.gov
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The Real Story with articles on the Trapp Family and more
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The von Trapps: The Real Family That Inspired 'The Sound of Music' article by Colin Bertram on biography.com